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General & Network

Berachain has the following properties:
  • Block time: ~2 seconds.
  • Transactions per Second (TPS): This can vary but the following should help with the number of possible transactions (Block gas limit (30m) / Average gas limit per txn) / Block time (2s) = TPS.
  • Finality: single slot finality
  • 100% EVM compatibility
Governance is the process by which the community decides what changes to make to the Berachain protocol. This includes how to upgrade the node and what parameters to set for various components on the chain.

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Tokens

$BERA is the single staking and emission token:
  • Validator staking: Node operators stake $BERA to run validators, produce blocks, and secure the chain. Additional stakers can deposit $BERA to increase a validator’s block-production probability.
  • PoL emissions: Block rewards are emitted as $WBERA (wrapped BERA). Validators receive a base rate; the remainder is routed through BeraChef reward allocation to Reward Vaults.
  • $sWBERA: Users deposit $BERA or $WBERA into the Staking Vault to receive $sWBERA, which earns yield from the Incentive Auction.
$BUSD was previously known as $HONEY. As of August 19, 2026 its token name and symbol have been changed to Bera USD and BUSD respectively. The contract address remains the same.
$BUSD is the native stablecoin of the Berachain ecosystem. It is a multicollateral backed stablecoin, and is used throughout the Berachain ecosystem.
No. $BERA has no hard supply cap. The genesis total supply was 500,000,000 $BERA, with ~5% annual inflation via Proof-of-Liquidity reward emissions (distributed as $WBERA), subject to governance. Transaction fees are burned, which reduces circulating supply. See the BERA token page for the full allocation and release schedule.
It was previously used in early versions of Proof of Liquidity for governance and reward routing. Users who still hold $BGT should unstake it, redeem it 1:1 for native $BERA, and stake their $BERA for $sWBERA to participate in the current Proof of Liquidity system. See the Berachain Hub which will walk you through the process.
To ensure stability, there is a small fee on every mint and burn of $BUSD. Additionally, because minting & burning requires a transaction, there will be a small gas fee in $BERA.
No. The August 19, 2026 change was a rename of the token name and symbol only. The contract address is unchanged, no new contract was deployed, and no migration, swap, or claim step is required. Balances, allowances, and integrations continue to work as-is. Wallets and explorers may display the token as $BUSD (Bera USD) after they refresh their token lists.

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Proof of Liquidity & Validators

A validator can refer to three things:
  1. A blockchain node that validates transactions, produces blocks, and comes to consensus with other validators in the network
  2. The entity that owns and operates the validator node
  3. The blend of points #1 and #2 that manages a portion of Proof of Liquidity & Governance votes
$sWBERA earns yield from the Incentive Auction. Protocols fund incentive tokens to attract validator reward allocation; after validator commission, the remaining incentive tokens are redirected to IncentivesCollector. Auction buyers pay WBERA to claim those tokens, and that WBERA is split pro-rata between the $sWBERA Staking Vault and registered LST staker vaults. Holding $sWBERA gives you a share of that yield without needing to manage vault positions or validator selection.
It depends on what you are unstaking:
  • $sWBERA (Staking Vault): withdrawals have a 7-day unbonding period after you queue a withdrawal request.
  • Staking pool withdrawals: requests can be finalized after a delay of 129,600 blocks (≈3 days at ~2s block time). See the staking pools operator guide for details.
Yes, validators only need to stake $BERA within the designated min and max range of 250,000 and 10,000,000, and once in the active set they will propose blocks. Base rate reward is distributed in $WBERA.

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BEX & Liquidity

DEX stands for Decentralized Exchange. It is a place where you can buy and sell tokens directly on the chain instead of through any one centralized service. This means that all liquidity can be seen directly on-chain, and the smart contracts themselves verifiably own it. A DEX enables you to swap tokens directly from your wallet, as well as allowing anyone to launch their own tokens and provide liquidity.
A swap is the process of exchanging one token for another. This can be thought of as a buy or a sell, depending on which token you’re looking at. For example, if you’re looking to buy $BERA with $ETH, you would be swapping $ETH for $BERA. This is essentially “selling” $ETH and “buying” $BERA.
Each swap has a fee that varies depending on the fee set when the pool was created. Common fees are 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3% or 1% but you should always check when performing a swap to ensure you are okay with the fee on that pool.
Liquidity is the term for the amount of a token available to swap. The more liquidity a token has, the easier it is to swap that token.
Liquidity pools are pairings of 2 or more tokens that liquidity providers deposit tokens into. This enables DEX users to swap between any of the tokens in the pool.
Liquidity providers deposit tokens into a liquidity pool. They earn a portion of the fees generated from swaps in the pool.
APY stands for annual percentage yield. In the context of BEX pools, this refers to the current APY for a given pool. APY yield comes from fees collected on every swap made using that pool.
When you deposit liquidity into a BEX pool, you receive an LP token representing your share of the pool. To earn Proof of Liquidity emissions, you must take that LP token and stake it into its corresponding Reward Vault. As validators direct emissions to that vault, you will accumulate claimable rewards denominated in $WBERA. You can claim $WBERA directly from the vault or through the Reward Vault Helper as $sWBERA or native BERA.